Earthquakes, a geological phenomenon related to shifting tectonic plates, have a significant impact on the environment. This process not only affects infrastructure and human life, but also the natural environment and existing ecosystems. Analysis of the impact of global earthquakes is important to understand the short and long term effects on ecosystems. First of all, earthquakes can cause changes in soil morphology. Vibrations caused by the earthquake triggered landslides, which have the potential to destroy natural habitats and move material from one place to another. For example, earthquakes in mountainous areas can cause landslides that destroy vegetation, change river channels, and create new landslide lakes. Water systems have also experienced significant impacts. Seismicity can trigger fault shifts that change river flow, resulting in floods or drought in certain areas. For example, after a large earthquake, the phenomenon of liquefaction can occur, where the soil loses its strength and produces new pools of water, potentially damaging agricultural land. Earthquakes impact air quality and environmental health. The dust and fine particles released can worsen air quality, triggering health problems such as asthma. Additionally, cracks in the ground or buildings can carry harmful pollutants into the environment, polluting groundwater sources and being harmful to local ecosystems. Biodiversity is also threatened by earthquakes. Changes in habitat and damaged ecosystems can cause a decline in species populations. Natural habitats may be lost due to the construction of recovery infrastructure, which is often a priority after a disaster. Additionally, interactions with invasive species are increasing due to the loss of native species. Post-earthquake human activities, such as cutting down trees for rebuilding or handling waste, can exacerbate environmental damage. Land reclamation or exploitation of natural resources to rebuild infrastructure often leads to deforestation and loss of habitat. Inadequate waste management can cause pollution to land and water. Overall, the environmental impacts of earthquakes are multi-dimensional. Proper treatment and ongoing recovery are necessary to minimize damage. Preparing a crisis management plan that takes into account environmental aspects must be a priority to protect biodiversity and natural resources after the earthquake. Continuous evaluation of environmental impacts is necessary to ensure that remedial measures do not compromise the environment in the long term.
